"Glomospira" serpens (Grzybowski, 1898) Fig. 27. 1 - Type figure of Ammodiscus serpens, from Grzybowski (1898); 2 - Holotype of Glomospira tracta from Saidova (1975); 3 - specimen from the Paleocene of Site 283, after Webb (1975). ORIGINAL DESIGNATION: Ammodiscus serpens Grzybowski, 1898 TYPE REFERENCE: Grzybowski, J., 1898, Otwornice pokładow naftonośnych okolicy Krosna. Rozprawy Wydziału Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego, Akademia Umiejętności w Krakowie, serya 2, vol. 33, p. 285, pl. 10, fig. 31. (not figs. 32 & 33). See also: Kaminski, M.A. & Geroch, S., 1993. A revision of foraminiferal species in the Grzybowski Collection. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication no. 1, 239-323, pl. 6. fig. 2 [Lectotype]. TYPE SPECIMEN: Not originally designated. Twenty-one syntype specimens are preserved in the Grzybowski Collection, deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. Syntypes (Slides no. 1/46a,b,c) are from the Potok H-33 well (25 m), and from red and gray clays from the Kroscienko-1 well (120 m). The lectotype (designated herein) is a specimen from the Potok H-33 well (25 m). TYPE LEVEL: Late Eocene, Silesian Unit of the Polish Carpathians. TYPE LOCALITY: Grzybowski (1898) listed specimens from 12 exploration wells drilled in the area south of Krosno, Poland. The localities listed are in the villages of Potok, Toroszówka, Krościenko, and Iwonicz. DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES: Test oval in outline, comprised of a broad tube arranged in eliptical coils. Coiling of the tube is miliolid-like, centered around the long axis of the test, with the last coil arranged at approximately 60 degree angles to the preceeding whorls. Wall imperforate, very finely agglutinated with a smooth surface. SIZE: Length of lectotype: 0.78 mm. Grzybowski's syntypes range up to 1.08 mm in length. SYNONYMS: Glomospira rostokiensis Mjatliuk. Mjatliuk, E.V. 1970, Trudy VNIGRI, 282, pp. 68-69, pl. 11, figs. 16a-18b [Late Senonian - Paleocene, Ukrainian Carpathians]. ?Glomospira tracta Saidova. Saidova, Kh. 1975, Institut Okeanologii P.P. Shirshova, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, p. 70, pl. 96, fig. 2 [Recent, Pacific]. OBSERVED OCCURRENCES: Glomospira serpens has been commonly reported from the Paleocene of the Alpine - Carpathian region. It was originally described from exploration wells in the area of Krosno Poland (Grzybowski, 1898). Geroch (1960) listed it from the Istebna, Ciezkowice and Hieroglyphic Beds (Upper Senonian to Middle Eocene) of the Silesian Unit in Poland. Neagu (1962, 1970) illustrated specimens from the Turonian and Maastrichtian of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania. Beckmann (1960) figured a specimen as "Glomospira sp. A" from Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. Webb (1975) illustrated a specimen from the Paleocene of DSDP Site 283 in the Tasman Sea. Samuel (1977) recorded it as Glomospirella serpens from the Paleogene of Czechoslovakia. Hemleben & Troester (1984) illustrated a specimen of G. serpens from the Maastrichtian-Paleocene of DSDP Site 543 in the equatorial Atlantic. Noé (1993) listed it from the Middle Albian Scisti a Fucoidi from the Umbrian Apennines of Central Italy, but did not provide an illustration. Coccioni et al., (1995) listed it as occurring frequently from the Upper Albian to Lower Turonian in the Bottaccione Section, near Gubbio. However, their illustrated specimen is smaller, more oval in outline, and more closely resembles a form illustrated by Kaminski et al. (1992) as "Glomospira aff. serpens" from the Lower Cretaceous of the Indian Ocean. Widmark (1997) illustrated a specimen as "Glomospira sp" from the Maastrichtian of DSDP Site 527 in the South Atlantic. Milner (1997) illustrated specimens from the Paleocene Moogli Mudstone of Papua New Guinea. Saidova (1975) described the modern species Glomospira tracta from lower bathyal depths off New Guinea and Fiji. The specimen illustrated by Saidova (fig. 24-2, above) closely resembles G. serpens, and the two species may be synonymous. We have observed "Glomospira" serpens in Zones P1c - P8, Paleocene to Early Eocene of the Lizard Springs Formation and in the Middle Eocene (Zone P11-12) Navet Formation of Trinidad, in the Paleocene of Zumaya Spain (P1c - P3a); in the Maastrichtian to Paleocene of the flysch and slope sediments in northern Morocco, in the Coniacian to Upper Eocene of the Gubbio sections in Italy, in the Upper Cretaceous of ODP Site 641, and in the Eocene of Hole 647A. In our samples from the Contessa Highway section, small specimens of "Glomospira" serpens are found in the Coniacian-Santonian, but the FO of the typical large forms is observed in the Campanian. At ODP Site 647, the last occurrence of "Glomospira" serpens coincides with the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. "Glomospira" serpens is most common in the Paleocene flysch-type assemblages. It is smaller in size and is comparatively rare in the Late Cretaceous abyssal assemblages. KNOWN STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Late Albian to Late Eocene, possibly to Recent. In bathyal assemblages its last occurrence in Early Eocene. If Glomospira tracta is indeed synonymous, this species lives in the Pacific Ocean today. A smaller, closely related form is known from Early Cretaceous. BATHYMETRY: Bathyal to abyssal, rare in abyssal sediments. REMARKS: "Glomospira" serpens differs from other species of Glomospira in its large size and milioline-like coiling. Grzybowski (1898) illustrated three specimens of Ammodiscus serpens. We regard the specimen illustrated in Grzybowski's plate 10, fig. 31 as the lectotype. The other two drawings (Plate 10, figs. 32 and 33) are specimens of "Glomospira" glomerata. Grzybowski described the surface of the test as being rough, but this may be an artifact of poor preservation. Most specimens in the Grzybowski collection are in fact, finely agglutinated with a smooth, lusterous surface. Well-preserved specimens from the Labrador Sea, Trinidad and Poland usually have a finely agglutinated, smooth surface. The test wall consists of fine silt grains (2-6 µm in diameter) and is several grains thick (pl. 27, fig. 6b). Mjatliuk (1970) described the species Glomospira rostokiensis from the Srednestryjskaya Unit (Upper Senonian) of the Ukrainian Carpathians, and listed Grzybowski's (1901) drawings of Ammodiscus serpens and Ammodiscus gorayskii as synonyms. Specimens preserved in the Mjatliuk Collection (such as the specimen illustrated by Mjatliuk, 1970, pl. 11, fig. 18) include typical elongate specimens of "Glomospira" serpens. Although the holotype of G. roztokiensis is smaller and less elongate than our Paleogene specimens of "Glomospira" serpens, we regard Mjatliuk's form to be fully synonymous. We tentatively retain this species in the genus Glomospira for the sake of consistency, pending a thorough revision of the group. It does not conform to any genus currently defined by Loeblich & Tappan (1987) within the subfamily Ammovertellininae. Its coiling is most similar to that observed in the initial portion of the genus Annectina Suleymanov, 1966. ILLUSTRATIONS: Plate 27 - "Glomospira" serpens (Grzybowski) Fig. 1a-b. Late Eocene, Lectotype from the Grzybowski Collection (no. UJ-132-P 1/46a), Potok H-33 well, 25m, Silesian Unit of the Polish Carpathians; Fig. 2. Upper Senonian, Paratype of Glomospira rostokiensis Mjatliuk. Mjatliuk Coll. nr. N433-64, Cheremosh River, Srednestryjskaya Unit of the Ukrainian Carpathians; Fig. 3-4. Paleocene, Szklary Poland, Skole Unit of the Polish Carpathians; Fig. 5. Late Paleocene, Lizard Springs Formation, Ravine Ampelu, Trinidad; Fig. 6a,b. Middle Eocene, ODP Site 647, Labrador Sea, Sample 647A-42R-1, 98-102 cm; 6b- enlargement of broken chamber.