Caudammina excelsa (Dylążanka, 1923) Fig. 40. Lectotype of C. excelsa, (redrawn) ORIGINAL DESIGNATION: Hyperammina excelsa Dylążanka, 1923. TYPE REFERENCE: Dylążanka, M., 1923. Warstwy inoceramowe z lomu w Szymbarku kolo Gorlic. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 1, p. 66, pl. 1, fig. 3. See also: Kaminski, M.A. & Geroch, S., 1993. A revision of foraminiferal species in the Grzybowski Collection. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 1, 239-323, pl. 17. fig. 3a,b [Lectotype]. TYPE SPECIMEN: The lectotype (designated by Kaminski & Geroch, 1993; pl. 17, fig. 3) is deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków (M. Dylążanka collection no. UJ-133-P, 4/21). TYPE LEVEL: Upper Senonian Inoceramian beds of the Magura Unit, Polish Carpathians. TYPE LOCALITY: Described from a quarry in the village of Szymbark, near Gorlice, Poland. This locality is now overgrown and not available for collecting. However, laterally equivalent beds outcrop nearby in the bank of the Ropa River approximately 1/2 km north of Dylążanka's locality. This locality is at the confluence of the Bielanka stream (flowing north from Dylążanka's quarry) and the Ropa River. The locality and its foraminiferal assemblages have been described by Ślączka et al. (1993). DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES: Test free, comprised of up to five (or more?) elongate, cylindrical to pear-shaped chambers connected by a long thick tube or stolon. The diameter of the chambers is about twice the diameter of the tube. Wall thick, finely agglutinated, usually silicified. Aperture round, at the open end of the tube. SIZE: Length of lectotype: 0.87 mm. We have observed specimens up to 1.3 mm. SUSPECTED SYNONYMS: None verified. OBSERVED OCCURRENCES: This species was first described from the Upper Cretaceous Inoceramian Beds of the Magura Unit in Poland. It was subsequently found in the Magura Unit by Pokorný (1960) who designated the "Hormosina excelsa - Rzehakina inclusa beds" (Upper Senonian) in Moravia. Jurkiewicz (1967) reported it as Hormosina excelsa from the Paleocene and Lower Eocene of the Magura, Skole and Silesian Units in eastern Poland. Geroch & Nowak (1984) reported its first occurrence in the U. jankoi Zone in the Polish Carpathians, of late Turonian to Santonian age. Its occurrence within the U. jankoi Zone was confirmed by Malata & Oszczypko (1990) in the Malinowa Shale Formation of the Magura Unit in Poland. However, Geroch & Koszarski (1988) reported it as ranging from the Campanian C. ovulum gigantea Zone to the Upper Paleocene S. spectabilis Zone. However, Morgiel & Olszewska (1981) and Jednorowska (1968, 1975) reported it from the Senonian to the lowermost Eocene. Bąk (2000) reported it from Turonian-Santonian Scaglia-type deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland. Samuel (1977) listed it from Upper Senonian to the Paleocene of the Dukla and Magura Units in Slovakia. In Romania, Neagu (1970) reported it from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian, and Săndulescu (1973) reported it from the Paleocene. In the Austrian Alps, Grün (1969) reported it from the Maastrichtian Greifenstein beds, and Grün et al. (1972) reported it from Upper Senonian to Paleocene. Weidich (1990) listed it from the Berriasian to Cenomanian of the northern Calcareous Alps, but this identification is tentative (see below). We have observed Caudammina excelsa in the Maastrichtian and Paleocene of the Labrador Margin and in the Paleocene of the North Sea, in the C. ovulum gigantea Zone in the Plantagenet Formation at DSDP Site 543, and in the Upper Cretaceous of the Massylian and Numidian flysch nappes of northern Morocco. We have also found rare specimens in the Lower Eocene of ODP Site 647 in the Labrador Sea (reported as Hormosina cf. excelsa by Kaminski et al., 1989). One of us (M.Bubík) has observed it in association with Uvigerinammina praejankoi, suggesting a Turonian age. A form which is morphologically similar to C. excelsa also occurs in Lower Cretaceous abyssal claystones recovered at ODP Site 765 on the Argo Abyssal Plain (Kaminski et al., 1992). Caudammina excelsa may have been an abyssal species at low latitudes, and bathyal to abyssal species at high latitudes, as it occurs at DSDP Site 543 and in basin plain facies in Morocco which correlate with the Plantagenet Formation, but not in the bathyal assemblages of Trinidad and Zumaya, Spain. KNOWN STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Turonian to Early Eocene. BATHYMETRY: Bathyal to abyssal at high latitudes, abyssal at low latitudes. REMARKS: Caudammina excelsa differs from Caudammina ovuloides in possessing more slender, elongate chambers and wider, more robust stolons connecting the chambers. Older specimens from the Santonian and Campanian however, do not all possess the long tubular stolons between chambers. Paleocene specimens tend to be larger than specimens from Upper Cretaceous, and are typically well-silicified. Dylążanka (1923) reported finding specimens with four chambers, and occasionally a multichambered fragment with a proloculus is found (e.g., Kaminski & Geroch, 1993, pl. 17, fig. 1). However, in general specimens with more than two chambers are very rare. Caudammina excelsa is similar in morphology to the Recent species Caudammina ovicula Brady (the generic affiliation of this species is discussed under Caudammina ovula). ILLUSTRATIONS: Plate 40 - Caudammina excelsa (Dylążanka) Fig.1a-b. Upper Senonian, Szymbark Poland, Magura Unit of the Polish Carpathians, Lectotype from the Dylążanka Collection; Fig. 2. Upper Maastrichtian, Ropica Ruska Poland, Magura Unit of the Polish Carpathians; Figs. 3-4. Paleocene, Szklary Poland, Skole Unit of the Polish Carpathians; Fig. 5. Paleocene, North Sea, Shell 9/23-1 well, 6150 ft; Fig. 6. Lower Eocene, ODP Site 647, Labrador Sea, Sample 647A-68R-1, 129-132 cm; Fig. 7. Paleocene, Labrador Margin, North Leif I-05 well, 2570 m; Fig. 8. Paleocene, Labrador Margin, Roberval K-92 well, 2970 m.