format version: 1.3 date: 15/12/2005 default chronostrat: UNESCO SetTop: 4 SetBase: 23 SetScale: 2 chart title: TimeScale Creator format demo set Mid-Lt Miocene Stages block 110 240/240/240 notitle on TOP 3.6 Zanclean/Piacenzian boundary Zanclean 5.333 Base Pliocene 255/255/179 Messinian 7.246 Chron C3Br.1r 255/255/115 Tortonian 11.608 255/255/102 Serravallian 13.82 Mi-3b cooling. 255/255/89 Langhian 15.97 dashed Chron C5Br 255/255/77 First set = Event, Range : Mid-Lt Miocene Stages Some datums Two ranges _TITLE_OFF Some datums event 120 210/240/250 on FAD A Base datum 14 dotted One with top/base 12 For a Range LAD A Top datum 4 dashed One with top/base 5 Top of range EVENT This happens here 7 dashed An event Two ranges range 100 250/240/210 on Mid-Miocene horse 7 TOP Mid-Miocene horse 8 rare Mid-Miocene horse 12 frequent Mid-Miocene horse 14 rare Mid-Miocene horse 15 conjectured Lt-Miocene donkey 3.5 "blank" = TOP Lt-Miocene donkey 4 abundant Lt-Miocene donkey 4.5 flood Lt-Miocene donkey 5 missing Lt-Miocene donkey 5.5 common Lt-Miocene donkey 6 sample Second set = Sequence, Trend, Chrons : M-Lt. Miocene sequences M-Lt. Miocene T-R Cycles Mid-Miocene mag Other mag example _TITLE_OFF M-Lt. Miocene sequences sequence SEPM set MFS 5.47 Major Nanno CN10a Me2 SB 5.77 Major Middle Nanno CN9d MFS 5.99 Medium Me1 SB 7.26 Minor Middle Nanno CN9b MFS 7.72 Medium in CN9a Tor2 SB 9.22 Minor in CN8 MFS 10.51 Major Tor1 SB 11.8 Major Base Nanno CN5b MFS 12.26 Minor Ser3 SB 12.72 Minor Middle Nanno CN5a M-Lt. Miocene T-R Cycles trend notitle SEPM MFS 2.92 Medium Pliocene transgression Me2 SB 5.77 Medium Lt. Miocene regression maximum MFS 10.51 Major Flooding event Tor1 SB 11.8 Major Max mid-Miocene regression Mid-Miocene mag chron part of C-Sequence Primary TOP 13.363 N C5AB 13.608 C5ABn R C5AB 13.739 C5ABr N C5AC 14.07 C5ACn R C5AC 14.163 C5ACr N C5AD 14.609 C5ADn R C5AD 14.775 C5ADr N C5B 14.87 C5Bn.1n R C5B 15.032 C5Bn.1r N C5B 15.16 C5Bn.2n R C5B 15.974 C5Br Other mag example chron 50 250/250/250 off Options for types Primary TOP 13.3 N Tom 13.6 R Tom 13.7 No Data Rachel 14.5 R Dick 14.6 U Dick 15.0 N Dick 15.5 Adjacent Secondary TOP 13.5 N Frank 13.9 R Frank 14.3 U Gap 14.7 R Dick 15.0 N Dick 15.5 Third set = Curves with overlay, Facies : Neogene Benthic Oxygen-18 Composite Sample lithostrat Neogene Benthic Oxygen-18 Composite point 150 255/245/230 Data provided by I. Raffi (RED and SMOOTHED = data of Shackleton & Hall (1997); 9 to 10 Ma) nopoints 255/0/0 nofill 2 3.5 smoothed 8.973 2.77 8.979 2.92 8.986 2.77 8.992 2.73 8.992 2.76 8.999 2.58 8.999 2.85 9.005 2.88 9.012 2.75 9.019 2.72 9.025 3.02 9.031 3.09 9.038 2.89 9.044 2.87 9.050 3.10 9.050 2.64 9.056 2.79 9.062 2.96 9.067 2.76 9.076 3.08 9.085 2.82 9.094 2.86 9.103 2.79 9.112 2.86 9.121 2.92 9.130 2.66 9.139 2.93 9.147 2.69 Westerhold 2005 (black) point-overlay 150 255/245/230 BLACK = Site 1085 d18O points 0/0/0 nofill 2 3.5 notsmoothed 8.971 3.17 8.975 3.17 8.979 3.02 8.979 2.88 8.981 3.06 8.985 3.01 8.989 3.10 8.992 3.20 8.992 3.10 8.995 2.88 8.995 2.94 8.999 2.42 8.999 2.88 9.002 2.87 9.002 2.93 9.005 2.94 9.005 2.99 9.009 3.09 9.010 3.32 9.014 2.97 9.016 2.94 9.017 2.97 9.019 3.05 9.021 2.57 9.022 2.86 9.024 3.00 9.026 3.07 9.028 2.75 9.030 3.19 9.033 3.27 9.043 3.35 9.049 3.12 9.049 2.79 9.052 3.31 9.055 3.13 9.065 3.09 9.075 3.60 9.078 3.27 9.085 2.97 9.091 3.13 9.098 3.15 9.101 3.03 9.104 3.10 9.108 2.86 9.111 3.18 9.114 3.08 9.121 3.17 9.125 3.16 9.128 3.09 9.131 3.22 9.134 3.22 9.137 3.19 9.140 3.56 9.146 3.08 Sample lithostrat facies 150 Upper Group Primary TOP 3 Claystone Some mud 6 Sandy claystone Some mud 7 Claystone Some mud 8 Name spans set CS dark purple 9 Comment -- weird soil ?? Primary [NOTE: Space in first column] Gap 10 Lower Group Primary NZ Conglomerate alluvial 12 NZ Coal sandstone Wellington Fm 14 Lms wedge freehand-overlay 150 POLYGON closed Oolitic limestone 61 4 40 4 20 4.5 -1 4.5 -1 5 20 5 40 5 61 5 Horse Evolutionary Tree range 226/220/230 Parahippus 15 Parahippus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=mid-Miocene Parahippus 19 branch Merychippus Americas dashed Branch to Merychippus dashed late-Early Miocene. REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 250/100/250 10 Parahippus 23 branch Archaeohippus dashed Branch to Archaeohippus dashed mid-Early Miocene. REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 120/110/120 7 Parahippus 25 frequent CALIBRATION OF BASE= latest Oligocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Archaeohippus 10 Archaeohippus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=mid-Late Miocene Archaeohippus 22 common CALIBRATION OF BASE= mid-Early Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Merychippus 11 Merychippus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=early-Late Miocene Merychippus 12 branch Dinohippus North America horses dotted Branch to Dinohippus dotted . REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 100/200/250 10 Merychippus 16 branch Pliohippus South America horses Branch to Pliohippus . REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 250/150/100 7 Merychippus 18 frequent CALIBRATION OF BASE= late-Early Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Dinohippus 3 Dinohippus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=mid-Pliocene Dinohippus 6 branch Equus dashed Branch to Equus dashed mid-Late Miocene. REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 10 Dinohippus 10 rare CALIBRATION OF BASE= early-Late Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Pliohippus 6 Pliohippus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=latest Miocene Pliohippus 9 branch Hippidion dashed Branch to Hippidion dashed mid-Late Miocene. REFERENCE = MacFadden (2005) Science 7 Pliohippus 15 CALIBRATION OF BASE= mid-Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Equus 0.012 Equus:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=Eaten by early indians at ca. 12,000 ? Equus 5 abundant CALIBRATION OF BASE= Base of Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science Hippidion 1 Hippidion:

CALIBRATION OF TOP=mid-Quaternary Hippidion 8 frequent CALIBRATION OF BASE= mid-Late Miocene. REFERENCE= MacFadden (2005) Science