Early Miocene Sub-Epoch
(Lower Miocene)
From 23.03 +/- 0.05 To 15.97 +/- 0.05 Ma
Start Defined By: Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C6Cn.2n; lowest
occurrence of planktonic foraminifer Paragloborotalia kugleri; near
extinction of calcareous nannofossil Reticulofenestra bisecta (base Zone
NN1).
End Defined By: Near first occurrence of planktonic foraminifer Praeorbulina
glomerosa and top of magnetic polarity chronozone C5Cn.1n.
Start Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
End Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
-- Overlaps With --
Australian Stage: Longfordian (27.5 - 16.5)
Australian Stage: Batesfordian (16.5 - 15.5)
Californian Stage: Zemorrian (33.5 - 22)
Californian Stage: Relizian (16.5 - 15.5)
New Zealand Stage: Cliffdenian (16.5 - 15)
North American Stage: Arikareean (30.5 - 19)
North American Stage: Hemingfordian (19 - 15.5)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Miocene (23.03 - 5.332)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
-- Preceeded By --
Period: Paleogene (65.5 - 23.03)
Epoch: Oligocene (33.9 - 23.03)
Sub-Epoch: Late Oligocene (28.4 - 23.03)
ICS Stage: Chattian (28.4 - 23.03)
New Zealand Stage: Waitakian (27 - 23.03)
-- Followed By --
Sub-Epoch: Middle Miocene (15.97 - 11.608)
ICS Stage: Langhian (15.97 - 13.65)
Japanese Stage: Tozawan (15.97 - 13.5)
-- Contains the Following Stages --
ICS Stage: Aquitanian (23.03 - 20.43)
ICS Stage: Burdigalian (20.43 - 15.97)
Californian Stage: Saucesian (22 - 16.5)
Japanese Stage: Haranoyan (18.2 - 15.97)
New Zealand Stage: Otaian (23.03 - 21)
New Zealand Stage: Hutchinsonian (21 - 20)
New Zealand Stage: Awamoan (20 - 17.5)
New Zealand Stage: Altonian (17.5 - 16.5)
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