Late Pliocene Sub-Epoch
(Upper Pliocene)
From 3.6 +/- 0.005 To 1.806 +/- 0.005 Ma
Start Defined By: Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2An (Gauss);
extinction levels of planktonic foraminifers Globorotalia margaritae and
Pulleniatina primalis.
End Defined By: Just above top of magnetic polarity chronozone C2n (Olduvai)
and the extinction level of calcareous nannofossil Discoaster brouweri
(base Zone CN13). Above are lowest occurrence of calcareous nannofossil
medium Gephyrocapsa spp. and extinction level of planktonic foraminifer
Globigerinoides extremus.
Start Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
End Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
-- Overlaps With --
Australian Stage: Kalimnan (4.3 - 3.4)
Californian Stage: Delmontian (7.5 - 2.9)
Californian Stage: Wheelerian (1.9 - 0.01143)
Japanese Stage: Kechienjian (1.9 - 1.5)
New Zealand Stage: Nukumaruan (1.96 - 1.1)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Pliocene (5.332 - 1.806)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
North American Stage: Blancan (4.75 - 1.806)
-- Preceeded By --
Sub-Epoch: Early Pliocene (5.332 - 3.6)
ICS Stage: Zanclean (5.332 - 3.6)
Japanese Stage: Yuian (9.5 - 3.6)
New Zealand Stage: Opoitian (4.8 - 3.6)
-- Followed By --
Epoch: Pleistocene (1.806 - 0.01143)
ICS Stage: Early Pleistocene (1.806 - 0.781)
Australian Stage: Werrikooian (1.806 - 1)
Informal Period: Pleistogene (1.806 - -5.5012e-005)
Informal Sub-era: Quaternary (1.806 - -5.5012e-005)
North American Stage: Irvingtonian (1.806 - 0.3)
-- Contains the Following Stages --
ICS Stage: Piacenzian (3.6 - 2.588)
ICS Stage: Gelasian (2.588 - 1.806)
Australian Stage: Yatalan (3.4 - 2)
Californian Stage: Repettian (2.9 - 2.2)
Californian Stage: Venturian (2.2 - 1.9)
Japanese Stage: Totomian (3.6 - 3)
Japanese Stage: Suchian (3 - 1.9)
New Zealand Stage: Waipipian (3.6 - 2.6)
New Zealand Stage: Mangapanian (2.6 - 1.96)
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