Piacenzian ICS Stage
(Astian, Redonian, Romanian)
From 3.6 +/- 0.005 To 2.588 +/- 0.005 Ma
Start Defined By: Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2An (Gauss);
extinction levels of planktonic foraminifers Globorotalia margaritae and
Pulleniatina primalis.
End Defined By: Isotopic stage 103, base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2r
(Matuyama). Above are extinction levels of calcareous nannofossil
Discoaster pentaradiatus and D. surculus.
Start Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
End Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
Global Stratotype Section and Point: Punta Piccola, Sicily, Italy
-- Overlaps With --
Australian Stage: Kalimnan (4.3 - 3.4)
Australian Stage: Yatalan (3.4 - 2)
Californian Stage: Delmontian (7.5 - 2.9)
Californian Stage: Repettian (2.9 - 2.2)
Japanese Stage: Suchian (3 - 1.9)
New Zealand Stage: Mangapanian (2.6 - 1.96)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Pliocene (5.332 - 1.806)
Sub-Epoch: Late Pliocene (3.6 - 1.806)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
North American Stage: Blancan (4.75 - 1.806)
-- Preceeded By --
Sub-Epoch: Early Pliocene (5.332 - 3.6)
ICS Stage: Zanclean (5.332 - 3.6)
Japanese Stage: Yuian (9.5 - 3.6)
New Zealand Stage: Opoitian (4.8 - 3.6)
-- Followed By --
ICS Stage: Gelasian (2.588 - 1.806)
-- Contains the Following Stages --
Japanese Stage: Totomian (3.6 - 3)
New Zealand Stage: Waipipian (3.6 - 2.6)
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