Serravallian ICS Stage
From 13.65 +/- 0.05 To 11.608 +/- 0.005 Ma
Start Defined By: Near lowest occurrence of nannofossil Sphenolithus
heteromorphus, and within magnetic polarity chronozone C5ABr.
End Defined By: Last common occurrences of the calcareous nannofossil
Discoaster kugleri and the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides
subquadratus. Associated with the short normal-polarity subchron C5r.2n.
Start Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
-- Overlaps With --
Californian Stage: Luisian (15.5 - 13.5)
Californian Stage: Mohnian (13.5 - 7.5)
Japanese Stage: Tozawan (15.97 - 13.5)
Japanese Stage: Kaburan (13.5 - 11.1)
North American Stage: Barstovian (15.5 - 11.8)
North American Stage: Clarendonian (11.8 - 9)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Miocene (23.03 - 5.332)
Sub-Epoch: Middle Miocene (15.97 - 11.608)
Australian Stage: Bairnsdalian (15 - 10.5)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
New Zealand Stage: Lillburnian (15 - 11.5)
-- Preceeded By --
ICS Stage: Langhian (15.97 - 13.65)
-- Followed By --
Sub-Epoch: Late Miocene (11.608 - 5.332)
ICS Stage: Tortonian (11.608 - 7.246)
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