Late Miocene Sub-Epoch
(Upper Miocene)
From 11.608 +/- 0.005 To 5.332 +/- 0.005 Ma
Start Defined By: Last common occurrences of the calcareous nannofossil
Discoaster kugleri and the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides
subquadratus. Associated with the short normal-polarity subchron C5r.2n.
End Defined By: Top of magnetic polarity chronozone C3r, ~100 kyr before
Thvera normal-polarity subchronozone (C3n.4n). Calcareous nannofossils --
near extinction level of Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus (base Zone CN10b) and
the lowest occurrence of Ceratolithus acutus.
End Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
-- Overlaps With --
Australian Stage: Bairnsdalian (15 - 10.5)
Australian Stage: Mitchellian (10.5 - 5)
Californian Stage: Mohnian (13.5 - 7.5)
Californian Stage: Delmontian (7.5 - 2.9)
Japanese Stage: Kaburan (13.5 - 11.1)
Japanese Stage: Yuian (9.5 - 3.6)
New Zealand Stage: Lillburnian (15 - 11.5)
New Zealand Stage: Kapitean (6 - 4.8)
North American Stage: Clarendonian (11.8 - 9)
North American Stage: Hemphillian (9 - 4.75)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Miocene (23.03 - 5.332)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
-- Preceeded By --
Sub-Epoch: Middle Miocene (15.97 - 11.608)
ICS Stage: Serravallian (13.65 - 11.608)
-- Followed By --
Epoch: Pliocene (5.332 - 1.806)
Sub-Epoch: Early Pliocene (5.332 - 3.6)
ICS Stage: Zanclean (5.332 - 3.6)
-- Contains the Following Stages --
ICS Stage: Tortonian (11.608 - 7.246)
ICS Stage: Messinian (7.246 - 5.332)
Japanese Stage: Fujian (11.1 - 9.5)
New Zealand Stage: Waiauan (11.5 - 10)
New Zealand Stage: Tongaporutuan (10 - 6)
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