|
Stage
|
Age (Ma) GTS 2020
|
GSSP Location
|
Latitude, Longitude
|
Boundary Level
|
Correlation Events
|
|
Status
|
Reference
|
| Permian System |
| Lopingian Series |
|
Changhsingian Stage
| 254.2 ± 0.4 |
Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China |
31.0819°N 119.7064°E |
base of Bed 4a-2, 88 cm above the base of the Changxing Limestone at
the Meishan D Section |
Conodont FAD Clarkina wangi |
|
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 29/3, p. 175-182, 2006 |
|
Wuchiapingian Stage
| 259.5 ± 0.4 |
Penglaitan, Guangxi Province, South China |
23.6953°N 109.3211°E |
base of Bed 6k in the Penglaitan Section |
Conodont FAD Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri |
|
Ratified 2004 |
Episodes 29/4, p. 253-262, 2006 |
| Guadalupian Series |
|
Capitanian Stage
| 264.3 ± 0.4 |
Nipple Hill, SE Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, U.S.A |
31.9091°N 104.7892°W |
4.5m above the base of the outcrop section of the Pinery Limestone
Member of the Bell Canyon Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella postserrata |
|
Ratified 2001 |
|
|
Wordian Stage
| 269.2 ± 0.4 |
Guadalupe Pass, Texas, U.S.A |
31.8658°N 104.8328°W |
7.6m above the base of the Getaway Ledge outcrop Section of the
Getaway Limestone Member of the Cherry Canyon Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella aserrata |
|
Ratified 2001 |
|
|
Roadian Stage
| 274.4 ± 0.4 |
Stratotype Canyon, Texas, U.S.A |
31.8767°N 104.8768°W |
42.7m above the base of the Cutoff Formation |
Conodont FAD Jinogondolella nankingensis |
|
Ratified 2001 |
|
| Cisuralian Series |
|
Kungurian Stage | 283.3 ± 0.4 |
candidate Pequob Mtns., Nevada, USA |
|
|
Near conodont FAD Neostreptognathus pnevi |
|
Anticipated 2016 |
|
|
Artinskian Stage
| 290.5 ± 0.4 |
Dal’ny Tulkas section in the southern Urals of Russia |
53.8885°N 56.5162°E |
0.6 m above the base of Bed 4b at the Dal’ny Tulkas section |
Conodont FAD Sweetognathus asymmetricus |
|
Ratified 2022 |
Episodes 46/4, p. 623-65, 2023 |
|
Sakmarian Stage
| 293.5 ± 0.4 |
Usolka section, Southern Urals, Russia. |
53.9247°N 56.5287°E |
55.4m above the base in Bed 26/3 |
Conodont FAD Mesogondolella monstra |
|
Ratified 2018 |
Episodes 43/4, p. 961-979, 2020 |
|
Asselian Stage
| 298.9 |
Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan |
50.2458°N 57.8914°E |
27m above the base of Bed 19, Aidaralash Creek |
Conodont FAD of Streptognathodus
isolatus |
|
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 21/1, p. 11-18, 1998 |
| Carboniferous System |
| Pennsylvanian Subsystem (series Classification Approved In 2004) |
| Upper Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Gzhelian Stage | 303.7 ± 0.4 |
candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (South China). |
|
|
Conodont FAD Idiognathodus simulator |
|
|
|
|
Kasimovian Stage | 307 ± 0.4 |
candidates are in southern Urals, and Nashui (South China). |
|
|
Conodont FAD
Idiognathodus heckeli |
|
|
|
| Middle Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Moscovian Stage | 315.2 ± 0.4 |
candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (South China). |
|
|
Conodont FAD Diplognathodus ellesmerensis |
|
|
|
| Lower Pennsylvanian Series |
|
Bashkirian Stage
| 323.4 |
Arrow Canyon, Nevada |
36.7333°N 114.7778°W |
82.9m above the top of the Battleship Formation in the lower Bird
Spring Formation |
Conodont FAD Declinognathodus noduliferus |
|
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 22/4, p. 272-283, 1999 |
| Mississippian Subsystem |
| Upper Mississippian Series (series Classification Approved In 2004) |
|
Serpukhovian Stage | 330.3 ± 0.4 |
candidates are Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (Urals) or Nashui (China) |
|
|
Conodont FAD Lochriea ziegleri |
|
|
|
| Middle Mississippian Series |
|
Visean Stage
| 346.7 |
Pengchong, south China |
24.4333°N 109.4500°E |
base of bed 83 in the Pengchong Section |
Benthic Foraminifer FAD Eoparastaffella simplex |
|
Ratified 2008 |
Episodes 26/2, p. 105-115, 2003 |
| Lower Mississippian Series |
|
Tournaisian Stage
| 359.3 ± 0.3 |
La Serre, France |
43.5555°N 3.3573°E |
base of Bed 89 in Trench E' at La Serre, (but FAD now known to be at
base of Bed 85) |
Conodont FAD Siphonodella sulcata
IMPRECISE (GSSP discovered in
2006 to have biostratigraphic problems, and can not be correlated
with precision.) |
|
Ratified 1990 |
Episodes 14/4, p. 331-336, 1991; Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 43/2, p. 195 - 205, 2009 |
| Devonian System |
| Upper Devonian Series |
|
Famennian Stage
| 372.1 ± 1.1 |
Coumiac Quarry, near Cessenon, Montagne Noire, France |
43.4613°N 3.0403°E |
Base of Bed 32a |
Base of Conodont Palmatolepis triangularis Zone, just above a
major
extinction horizon (Kellwasser Event). Conodont FAD Palmatolepis
subperlobata, conodont LADs
Ancyrodella, Palmatolepis bogartensis and
Ozarkodina, and Goniatite LADs of
Gephuroceratidae and Beloceratidae |
|
Ratified 1993 |
Episodes 16/4, p. 433-441, 1993 |
|
Frasnian Stage
| 378.9 ± 1.2 |
Col du Puech de la Suque, Montage Noire, France |
43.5032°N 3.0868°E |
base of Bed 42a' at Col du Puech de la Suque section E |
Conodont FAD Ancyrodella rotundiloba |
|
Ratified 1986 |
Episodes 10/2, p. 97-101, 1987 |
| Middle Devonian Series |
|
Givetian Stage
| 385.3 ± 1.2 |
Jebel Mech Irdane, Morocco |
31.2374°N 4.3541°W |
base of Bed 123 |
Conodont FAD Polygnathus hemiansatus |
|
Ratified 1994 |
Episodes 18/3, p. 107-115, 1995 |
|
Eifelian Stage
| 394.3 ± 1.1 |
Wetteldorf, Eifel Hills, Germany |
50.1496°N 6.4716°E |
21.25m above the base of the exposed section, base of sample station
WP30 |
Conodont FAD Polygnathus costatus partitus |
|
Ratified 1985 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 104-109, 1985 |
| Lower Devonian Series |
|
Emsian Stage
| 410.5 ± 1.1 |
Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve, Uzbekistan |
39.2000°N 67.3056°E |
base of Bed 9/5 |
Conodont FAD Eocostapolygnathus kitabicus. New Emsian base under
discussion,
potentially FAD of Eocostapolygnathus excavatus |
|
Ratified 1995 |
Episodes 20/4, p. 235-240, 1997 |
|
Pragian Stage
| 412.4 ± 1.1 |
Velká Chuchle, Prague, Czech Republic |
50.0147°N 14.3726°E |
base of Bed 12 in Velká Chuchle Quarry |
Conodont FAD Eognathodus sulcatus sulcatus and Latericriodus
steinachensis Morph beta |
|
Ratified 1989 |
Episodes 12/2, p. 109-113, 1989 |
|
Lochkovian Stage
| 419 ± 1.8 |
Klonk, near Prague, Czech Republic |
49.8550°N 13.7920°E |
within Bed 20 |
Graptolite FAD Monograptus uniformis |
|
Ratified 1972 |
IUGS Series A, 5, p. 96-109, 1977 |
| Silurian System |
|
Přídolí Series
| 422.7 ± 1.6 |
Požáry Section, Reporyje, Prague, Czech Republic |
50.0277°N 14.3249°E |
within Bed 96, about 2 m above the base of the Požáry
Formation |
Graptolite FAD Neocolonograptus parultimus |
|
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 90 - 100, 1989 |
| Ludlow Series |
|
Ludfordian Stage
| 425 ± 1.5 |
near Ludlow, UK |
52.3592°N 2.7772°W |
coincident with the base of the Leintwardine Formation |
Imprecise. May be near base of Saetograptus
leintwardinensis Graptolite zone. |
|
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 - 90, 1989 |
|
Gorstian Stage
| 426.7 ± 1.5 |
near Ludlow, UK |
52.3592°N 2.7772°W |
coincident with the base of the Lower Elton Formation |
Graptolite FAD Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians |
|
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 - 90, 1989 |
| Wenlock Series |
|
Homerian Stage
| 430.6 ± 1.3 |
Sheinton Brook, Homer, UK |
52.6156°N 2.5647°W |
within upper part of the Apedale Member of the Coalbrookdale Formation |
Graptolite FAD Cyrtograptus lundgreni |
|
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51-73, 1989 |
|
Sheinwoodian Stage
| 432.9 ± 1.2 |
Hughley Brook, UK |
52.5811°N 2.6389°W |
base of the Buildwas Formation |
Imprecise. Between the base of acritarch biozone 5 and LAD of
conodont Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. The current GSSP
does not coincide with the base of the Cyrtograptus centrifugus
Biozone, as was supposed when the GSSP was defined. Restudy
recommends a slightly higher and correlatable level on condonts --
the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with the base of
the Cyrtograptus murchisoni Graptolite Biozone |
|
Ratified 1980 |
Lethaia 14; Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51-73, 1989 |
| Llandovery Series |
|
Telychian Stage
| 438.6 ± 1.1 |
Cefn-cerig Road Section, Wales, UK |
51.9700°N 3.7900°W |
within the Wormwood Formation |
Just above Brachiopod LAD Eocoelia intermedia and below FAD
of Eocoelia curtisi |
|
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36-50, 1989 |
|
Aeronian Stage
| 440.5 |
Trefawr Track Section, Wales, UK |
52.0300°N 3.7000°W |
within Trefawr Formation |
Graptolite FAD Monograptus austerus sequens |
|
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36-50, 1989 |
|
Rhuddanian Stage
| 443.1 ± 0.9 |
Dob's Linn, Scotland |
55.4400°N 3.2700°W |
1.6m above the base of the Birkhill Shale Formation |
Graptolite FAD Akidograptus ascensus |
|
Ratified 1984 |
Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985; Silurian Times No. 14 (2006); Episodes 31/3, p. 315 - 318, 2008 |
| Ordovician System |
| Upper Ordovician Series |
|
Hirnantian Stage
| 445.2 |
Wangjiawan North section, N of Yichang City, Western Hubei Province, China |
30.9841°N 111.4197°E |
0.39m below the base of the Kuanyinchiao Bed |
Graptolite FAD Metabolograptus extraordinarius |
|
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 29/3, p. 183-196, 2006 |
|
Katian Stage
| 452.8 ± 0.7 |
Black Knob Ridge Section, Atoka, Oklahoma (USA) |
34.4305°N 96.0746°W |
4.0m above the base of the Bigfork Chert |
Graptolite FAD Diplacanthograptus caudatus |
|
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 30/4, p. 258-270, 2007 |
|
Sandbian Stage
| 458.2 ± 0.7 |
Sularp Brook, Fågelsång, Sweden |
55.7137°N 13.3255°E |
1.4m below a phosphorite marker bed in the E14b outcrop |
Graptolite FAD Nemagraptus gracilis |
|
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 23/2, p. 102-109, 2000 |
| Middle Ordovician Series |
|
Darriwilian Stage
| 469.4 ± 0.9 |
Huangnitang section, Changshan, Zhejiang Province, SE China |
28.8539°N 118.4897°E |
base of Bed AEP 184 |
Graptolite FAD Undulograptus austrodentatus |
|
Ratified 1997 |
Episodes 20/3, p. 158-166, 1997 |
|
Dapingian Stage
| 471.3 ± 1 |
Huanghuachang Section, NE of Yichang city, Hubei Province, S. China |
30.8605°N 110.3740°E |
10.57 m above base of the Dawan Formation |
Conodont FAD of Baltoniodus triangularis |
|
Ratified 2007 |
Episodes 28/2, p. 105 - 117, 2005; Episodes 32/2, p. 96-113, 2009 |
| Lower Ordovician Series |
|
Floian Stage
| 477.1 ± 1.2 |
Diabasbrottet, Hunneberg, Sweden |
58.3589°N 12.5024°E |
in the lower Tøyen Shale, 2.1m above the top of the Cambrian |
Graptolite FAD Tetragraptus approximatus |
|
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 27/4, p. 265-272, 2004 |
|
Tremadocian Stage
| 486.9 ± 1.5 |
Green Point Section, western Newfoundland |
49.6829°N 57.9653°W |
at the 101.8m level, within Bed 23, in the measured section |
Conodont FAD Iapetognathus fluctivagus |
|
Ratified 2000 |
Episodes 24/1, p. 19 - 28, 2001; Episodes 44/4, p. 359-383, 2021 |
| Cambrian System |
| Furongian Series |
|
Stage 10 | 491 |
|
|
|
Agnostoid arthropod FAD of Lotagnostus americanus |
|
|
|
|
Jiangshanian
| 494.2 |
Duibian B Section (Zhejiang Province, China) |
28.8160°N 118.6149°E |
108.12m above the base of the Huayansi Formation at the base of an 8
cm thick layer of dark gray calcisiltites |
Agnostoid arthropod FAD of Agnostotes orientalis |
|
Ratified 2011 |
|
|
Paibian Stage
| 497 |
Wuling Mountains, Huayuan County, NW Hunan Province, China |
28.3895°N 109.5257°E |
at 396 m in the Huaqiao Formation |
Agnostoid arthropod FAD Glyptagnostus reticulatus |
|
Ratified 2003 |
Lethaia 37, p. 365-379, 2004 |
| Miaolingian Series |
|
Guzhangian Stage
| 500.5 |
Louyixi, Guzhang County, NW Hunan Province, S. China |
28.7200°N 109.9647°E |
121.3 m above the base of the Huaqiao Formation |
Agnostoid arthropod FAD Lejopyge laevigata |
|
Ratified 2008 |
Episodes 32/1, p.41-55, 2009 |
|
Drumian Stage
| 504.5 |
Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, USA |
39.5117°N 112.9915°W |
at the base of a dark-gray thinly laminated calcisiltite layer, 62 m
above the base of the Wheeler Formation |
Agnostoid arthropod FAD Ptychagnostus atavus |
|
Ratified 2006 |
Episodes 30/2,p. 85-95, 2007 |
|
Wuliuan Stage
| 509 |
Wuliu-Zengjiayan section in Jianhe County, eastern Guizhou Province, China |
26.7474°N 108.4138°E |
at the base of a silty mudstone layer (within bed 9) 52.8m above the
base of the
Kaili Formation in the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section |
Trilobite, FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus |
|
Ratified 2019 |
Episodes 42/2, p.165-184, 2019 |
| Series 2 |
|
Stage 4 | 514.5 |
|
|
|
Trilobite FAD Olenellus or Redlichia |
|
|
|
|
Stage 3 | 521 |
|
|
|
Trilobites -- their FAD |
|
|
|
| Terreneuvian Series |
|
Stage 2 | 529 |
|
|
|
Small Shelly Fossils, FAD of Watsonella crosbyi or Aldanella
attleborensis |
|
|
|
|
Fortunian Stage
| 538.8 ± 0.6 |
Fortune Head, SE Newfoundland, Canada |
47.0762°N 55.8310°W |
2.4m above the base of Member 2 in the Chapel Island Formation |
Trace fossil FAD Trichophycus pedum |
|
Ratified 1992 |
Episodes 17/1&2, p. 95-100, 1994 |
