|
Stage
|
Age (Ma) GTS 2020
|
GSSP Location
|
Latitude, Longitude
|
Boundary Level
|
Correlation Events
|
|
Status
|
Reference
|
| Cretaceous System |
| Upper Cretaceous Series |
|
Maastrichtian Stage
| 72.2 ± 0.2 |
Tercis les Bains, Landes, France |
43.6795°N 1.1133°W |
level 115.2 on platform IV of the geological site at Tercis les Bains |
Mean of 12 biostratigraphic criteria of equal importance. Closely
above is FAD of ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus. Boreal proxy
is FAD of belemnite Belemnella lanceolata. |
|
Ratified 2001 |
Episodes 24/4, p. 229 -238, 2001 |
|
Campanian Stage
| 83.7 ± 0.5 |
Bottaccione Gorge Section at Gubbio, Umbria-Marche Basin, Italy |
43.3627°N 12.5828°E |
level 221.53 m in the Bottaccione Gorge Section at Gubbio, Umbria-Marche
Basin, Italy |
Base of Chron C33r |
|
Ratified 2022 |
Episodes 46/3, p. 451 – 490, 2023 |
|
Santonian Stage
| 85.7 ± 0.2 |
Olazagutia, Northern Spain |
42.8681°N 2.1944°W |
at 94.4m in the eastern border of the "Cantera de Margas" quarry,
Olazagutia, Spain |
Inoceramid bivalve FAD Platyceramus undulatoplicatus |
|
Ratified 2013 |
Episodes 37/1, p. 2-13, 2014 |
|
Coniacian Stage
| 89.4 ± 0.2 |
Salzgitter-Salder Section in northern Germany |
52.1243°N 10.3295°E |
base of Bed 46 in the Grauweisse Wechselfolge of the Salzgitter-Salder
Section in northern Germany |
Inoceramid bivalve FAD Cremnoceramus deformis erectus |
|
Ratified 2021 |
Episodes 45/2. p. 181 - 220, 2022 |
|
Turonian Stage
| 93.9 |
Pueblo, Colorado, USA |
38.2822°N 104.7275°W |
base of Bed 86 of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member |
Ammonite FAD Watinoceras devonense |
|
Ratified 2003 |
Episodes 28/2,p. 93 - 104, 2005 |
|
Cenomanian Stage
| 100.5 |
Mount Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France |
44.3925°N 5.5119°E |
36 meters below the top of the Marnes Bleues Formation on the south
side of Mont Risou |
Planktonic foraminifer FAD Thalmanninella globotruncanoides |
|
Ratified 2002 |
Episodes 27/1, p. 21-32, 2004 |
| Lower Cretaceous Series |
|
Albian Stage
| 113.2 ± 0.3 |
Col de Pré-Guittard, Arnayon, Drôme, France |
44.4964°N 5.3114°E |
37.4 m above the base of the Marnes Bleues Formation and 40 cm above
the base
of the Niveau Kilian Marker Bed near Col de Pré-Guittard. |
Planktonic foraminiferan FAD Microhedbergella renilaevis |
|
Ratified 2016 |
Episodes 40/3, p. 177-188. 2017 |
|
Aptian Stage | 121.4 ± 0.6 |
candidate is Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Umbria-Marche, central Italy |
|
|
Magnetic -- base of Chron M0r; near FAD of Paradeshayesites
oglanlensis ammonite zone |
|
|
|
|
Barremian Stage | 126.5 ± 0.7 |
candidate is Río Argos near Caravaca, Murcia Province, Spain |
|
|
Ammonite FAD Taveraidiscus hugii - Spitidiscus vandeckii group |
|
|
|
|
Hauterivian Stage
| 132.6 ± 0.6 |
La Charce village, Drôme Province, southeast France |
|
base of Bed 189 of La Charce Section. |
Ammonite FAD of genus Acanthodiscus |
|
Ratified 2019 |
Episodes 44/2, p. 129 - 150, 2021 |
|
Valanginian Stage | 137.7 ± 0.5 |
candidate near Caravaca Spain |
|
|
Calpionellid FAD Calpionellites darderi |
|
|
|
|
Berriasian Stage | 143.1 ± 0.6 |
candidate: Vocontian Basin of SE France, a section at Tré Maroua (Hautes -Alpes) |
|
|
Base of Calpionella alpina Subzone, middle of magnetozone
M19n.2n |
|
|
|
| Jurassic System |
| Upper Jurassic Series |
|
Tithonian Stage | 149.2 ± 0.7 |
candidates are Mt. Crussol or Canjuers (SE France) or Swabia, Germany |
|
|
Near base of Hybonoticeras hybonotum ammonite zone and lowest
occurrence of Gravesia genus, and the base of magnetic
polarity Chron M22An |
|
|
|
|
Kimmeridgian Stage
| 154.8 ± 0.8 |
Flodigarry (Isle of Skye, NW Scotland) |
57.6000°N 6.2000°W |
upper part of Bed 35 of the Staffin Shale Formation, 1.25±0.01 m below
the base of Bed 36 in block F6 in the foreshore at Flodigarry. |
Ammonite FAD Pictonia flodigarriensis, Prorasenia bowerbanki and
Pictonia (Triozites) |
|
Ratified 2021 |
Episodes 46/2, p.281-307, 2023 |
|
Oxfordian Stage | 161.5 ± 1 |
Thuoux Section, SE France |
|
|
Ammonite FAD Brightia thuouxensis |
|
|
|
| Middle Jurassic Series |
|
Callovian Stage | 165.3 ± 1.1 |
candidates are Pfeffingen (Swabian Alb, SW Germany) and in Russia |
|
|
Ammonite FAD of the genus Kepplerites (Kosmoceratidae) (defines
base of Macrocephalites herveyi Zone in sub-Boreal province
of Great Britain to southwest Germany) |
|
|
|
|
Bathonian Stage
| 168.2 ± 1.2 |
Ravin du Bès, Bas-Auran area, Alpes de Haute Provence, France |
43.9606°N 6.3153°E |
base of limestone bed RB07 |
Ammonite FAD Gonolkites convergens (defines base of
Zigzagiceras zigzag Zone) |
|
Ratified 2008 |
Episodes 32/4, p. 222 - 248, 2009 |
|
Bajocian Stage
| 170.9 ± 0.8 |
Murtinheira Section, Cabo Mondego, Portugal |
40.1992°N 8.9042°W |
base of Bed AB 11 |
Ammonite FAD Hyperlioceras mundum, Hyperlioceras furcatum,
Braunsina aspera, and Braunsina elegantula |
|
Ratified 1996 |
Episodes 20/1, p.16 - 22, 1997 |
|
Aalenian Stage
| 174.7 |
Fuentelsaz, Spain |
41.1708°N 1.8333°W |
base of Bed FZ 107 |
Ammonite FAD Leioceras opalinum and Leioceras lineatum |
|
Ratified 2000 |
|
| Lower Jurassic Series |
|
Toarcian Stage
| 184.2 ± 0.3 |
Ponta do Trovao, Peniche (Portugal) |
39.3708°N 9.3853°W |
base of micritic limestone bed 15e in the uppermost Lemede Formation |
Ammonite FAD of Dactylioceras (Eodactylioceras) simplex co-
occurring with
D. (E.) pseudocommune and D. (E.) polymorphum |
|
Ratified 2014 |
Episodes 39/3, p. 460 - 481, 2016 |
|
Pliensbachian Stage
| 192.9 ± 0.3 |
Wine Haven, Robin Hood's Bay, Yorkshire Coast, England |
54.4069°N 0.4975°W |
base of Bed 73b |
Ammonite association of Bifericeras donovani and
Apoderoceras sp. |
|
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 29/2, p. 93-106, 2006 |
|
Sinemurian Stage
| 199.5 ± 0.3 |
East Quantoxhead, SW England |
51.1909°N 3.2364°W |
0.90 m above the base of Bed 145 |
Ammonite FAD Vermiceras quantoxense, Vermiceras palmeri |
|
Ratified 2000 |
Episodes 25/1, p. 22-28, 2002 |
|
Hettangian Stage
| 201.4 ± 0.2 |
Kuhjoch section, Tyrol, Austria |
47.4833°N 11.5306°E |
5.80 m above the base of the Tiefengraben Member of the Kendelbach
Formation |
Ammonite FAD of Psiloceras spelae tirolicum |
|
Ratified 2010 |
Episodes 36/3, p.162-198, 2013 |
| Triassic System |
| Upper Triassic Series |
|
Rhaetian Stage | 205.7 ± 0.4 |
Candidates are Pizzo Mondello, Sicily (Italy) and Steinbergkogel, Austria |
|
|
Near FAD of conodonts Misikella posthernsteini s.s. or
Misikella
posthernsteini s.l. |
|
|
|
|
Norian Stage | 227.3 ± 0.4 |
Candidates are Black Bear Ridge in British Columbia (Canada) and Pizzo Mondello, Sicily (Italy) |
|
|
Base of Stikinoceras kerri ammonoid zone and near FAD of
conodont
Metapolygnathus communisti group, or top of M. parvus
subzone , or
FAD of
bivalve Halobia austriaca |
|
|
|
|
Carnian Stage
| 237 |
Prati di Stuores, Dolomites, Italy |
46.5269°N 11.9303°E |
base of marly limestone bed SW4, 45m from base of San Cassiano Formation |
FAD ammonoid Daxatina canadensis, near conodont FAD
"Paragondolella"
polygnathiformis noah. Just above magnetic polarity zone S2n and
above the maximum flooding surface of
Sequence Lad 3 of Hardenbol et al (1998). |
|
Ratified 2008 |
Albertina 36, p. 78 - 97, 2007; Episodes, 35/3, p. 414 - 430 |
| Middle Triassic Series |
|
Ladinian Stage
| 241.5 |
Bagolino, Province of Brescia, Northern Italy |
45.8193°N 10.4710°E |
base of a 15 - 20cm thick limestone bed overlying a distinctive
groove ("Chiesense groove") of limestone nodules in a
shaly matrix,
located about 5m above the base of the Buchenstein Beds |
Ammonite FAD Eoprotrachyceras curionii (base of the E.
curionii zone). Conodont FAD Budurovignathus
praehungaricus is in the uppermost Anisian. |
|
Ratified 2005 |
Episodes 28/4, p. 233-244, 2005 |
|
Anisian Stage | 246.7 ± 0.2 |
Candidate section at Desli Caira (Dobrogea, Romania); significant sections in Guizhou Province (China) and South Primorye (Russia) |
45.0742°N 28.8022°E |
In Section B, the GSSP level will be either the FAD of conodont
Chiosella timorensis at the base of Bed GR7 at ca. 7 m; OR
the base of magnetozone MT1n at the 5.7 m level. |
Conodont FAD Chiosella timorensis or base of
magnetic polarity MT1n |
|
Anticipated 2016 |
Albertiana 36, 2007. |
| Lower Triassic Series |
|
Olenekian Stage | 249.9 ± 0.2 |
Candidates Mud (Muth) village, Spiti valley, India, or Chaohu, China |
0.0000°N 0.0000°E |
base of Bed 13A-2, about 4.8m up in Mikin Formation., Section M04
(~4000 m elevation |
Conodont FAD Novispathodus waageni, just above base of
Rohillites rohilla ammonite zone, and below lowest occurrence
of Flemingites and Euflemingites ammonite genera.
Within a prominent positive Carbon-13 peak, and just above widely
recognizable sequence boundary. |
|
Anticipated 2016 |
Albertiana 36, 2007. |
|
Induan Stage
| 251.9 ± 0.3 |
Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China |
31.0798°N 119.7058°E |
base of Bed 27c in the Meishan D Section |
Conodont FAD Hindeodus parvus |
|
Ratified 2001 |
Episodes 24/2, p. 102 - 114, 2001 |
